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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IPJ</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Physiology Journal</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2578-8590</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Open Access Pub</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>United States</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">IPJ-19-2653</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14302/issn.2578-8590.ipj-19-2653</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Short Communication</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Brain Fatigue is a Critical Issue</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nasim</surname>
            <given-names>Habibzadeh</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="idm1842540556">1</xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="idm1842546676">*</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Daniel</surname>
            <given-names>Wood</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="idm1842547612">2</xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="idm1842540556">
        <label>1</label>
        <addr-line>PhD in Sport Science, Department of Sport Science, Teesside University</addr-line>
      </aff>
      <aff id="idm1842547612">
        <label>2</label>
        <addr-line>BSc in sport therapy and rehabilitations, Department of Sport Science, Teesside University</addr-line>
      </aff>
      <aff id="idm1842546676">
        <label>*</label>
        <addr-line>Corresponding author </addr-line>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp>
    
    Nasim Habibzadeh, <addr-line>PhD in Sport Science, Department of Sport Science, Teesside           University, UK</addr-line>, Email: <email>nasimhabibzadeh@yahoo.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict" id="idm1850786436">
          <p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2019-02-12">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2019</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>11</fpage>
      <lpage>13</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="online">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2019</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© </copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>Nasim Habibzadeh, et al.</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="http://openaccesspub.org/ipj/article/1000">This article is available from http://openaccesspub.org/ipj/article/1000</self-uri>
      <abstract>
        <p>The brain is one of the most complicated body segments which processes almost all activities in the human body. Excessive physical and mental overloads can cause brain fatigue and may put the brain health at risk of                  various disorders. Strategies such as reducing the workloads and performing meditation and walking provide   opportunities for the brain to relax and reconstruct its capability again.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Brain functions</kwd>
        <kwd>Brain Fatigue</kwd>
        <kwd>Brian health</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <page-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="idm1842389932" sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introduction</title>
      <p>The brain is one of the most  dynamic and complex organs in the human body which controls  almost all activities through nervous systems<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ridm1843296596">1</xref>. The brain mainly is made up of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum and many different lobes that are vary in their functions. In accordance with this the brain obtains various  sensations such as pain, heat, smell and hearing and many different kinds of feelings. In addition, it processes the thoughts, speech, judgments and coordination. The brain also stimulates all voluntary movement and functions in body systems <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ridm1843362900">2</xref><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ridm1843307516">3</xref> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="idm1841783924">Figure 1</xref>). Correspondingly, it could be solely assumed that the brain has a high level of importance in terms of delicacy and tolerance. Therefore, the brain accounts for a very vital and sensitive organ in the human body and the brain fatigues owing to the prolonged mental loads and hyperactivities should be considered as a serious dilemma. </p>
      <fig id="idm1841783924">
        <label>Figure 1.</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Brain segments and functions</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="images/image1.jpg" mime-subtype="jpg"><alt-text>Figure 1. Brain segments and functions</alt-text></graphic>
      </fig>
      <p>The brain fatigue is a phenomenon at which the brain will not have an optimal function in different domains owing to the excessive mental or physical loads which can lead to crisis and hardship in the brain and its functions <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ridm1843367508">4</xref>. Factors such as computer overuse and resultantly visual impairment is one of the important factors of brain’s cell fatigue. Undesirable news and bad images dramatically affect the brain optimum functions.  Various types of stress also may cause mind inactivity as well as mental issues in daily life. Overactivity on the other hand influences brain ability and workouts. A high level of mind pressures and headache in addition to the body’s fatigue are other notable outcomes of hyperactivations (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="idm1841784356">Figure 2</xref>). Therefore, what strategies are required to preserve prolong brain health and to prevent brain fatigue hazards in nowadays life ?Among different approaches, slowing the routine of workloads or quitting the work temporarily in some occasions could be beneficial as the brain can find an opportunity to relax and to reconstruct its capability. Avoiding unpleasant events or changing any unsatisfactory scenery or environments are other efficient  procedures to keep the brain in an ideal working condition so that healthy. Exercising the mind with some meditation scheme or listening to the music could be helpful in reducing the mind pressures and mental overloads.  Walking in part is the most efficient tactic in renewing the brain strength / power. During walking all body segments move at the same time and thus all body parts  inhale more oxygen and subsequently exhale more carbon dioxide. As result, substituting oxygen                    repositories refresh the brain space and positively restore the brain functional capacity in overall <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ridm1843156204">5</xref>. </p>
      <fig id="idm1841784356">
        <label>Figure 2.</label>
        <caption>
          <title> Brain fatigue</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="images/image2.jpg" mime-subtype="jpg"><alt-text>Figure 2. Brain fatigue</alt-text></graphic>
      </fig>
      <sec id="idm1842394252">
        <title>Summary</title>
        <p>The brain is a highly sensitive organ in the human body. The physical and mental overloads can cause the brain fatigue which dramatically can put the brain function at risk in different aspects. Preventive strategies such as slowing the workloads and performing exercises such as meditation and walking are very effective approaches to prevent brain fatigue and to elongate the brain health . </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
  </body>
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